Thermodynamic driving mechanisms for the formation of global precipitation extremes and ecohydrological effects

Global warming has altered the thermodynamic and dynamic environments of climate systems, affecting biogeochemical processes between geosphere atmosphere, which significant impacts on precipitation extremes terrestrial carbon budget ecosystems. Existing studies have reported a hook structure for extreme-temperature relationships but rarely examined underlying physical mechanisms. Previous also failed to quantify impact ecosystem productivity, hindering assessment future extreme climatic hazards potential risks. To reveal driving mechanisms formation global ecohydrological effects, this study utilizes over ten multisource datasets (i.e., satellite, reanalysis, model, land surface machine learning reconstruction, flux tower measurements). We first assess response water-heat-carbon explain behind structures in terms atmospheric thermodynamics dynamics. Based outputs from five models (GCMs) under ISIMIP3b, we project changes as well their extremes. Finally, discuss by using CLM4.5 model. The results show that are usually accompanied strong exchanges water heat demonstrate nonlinear relationship productivity. intensity (duration) is intensifying (decreasing) most areas globe, whereas three-dimensional events becoming more concentrated. Atmospheric dynamics play key role shaping structure. not stable; it shifts change projected result 10–10% intensification end century. Moderate levels contribute assimilation ecosystems, relatively stable change.